I'm Pro-Tractor! Correctly Teaching and Using Protractors

Using a protractor is supposed to make measuring angles easy, but somehow some students still get the wrong answer when they measure. Here are a few teacher tips that might help.

1)  Make sure that each student has the SAME protractor.  (To avoid having many sizes and types, I purchase a classroom set in the fall when they are on sale.)  If each student's protractor is the same, you can teach using the overhead or an Elmo, and everyone can follow along without someone raising their hand to declare that their protractor doesn't look like that!  (Since the protractor is clear it works perfectly on the overhead. No special overhead protractor is necessary.)

2) Show how the protractor represents 1/2 of a circle.  When two are placed together with the holes aligned, they actually form a circle.

3) Talk about the two scales on the protractor, how they are different, and where they are located.  It's important that the students realize that when measuring to start at zero degrees and not at the bottom of the tool.  They need to understand that the bottom is actually a ruler. 

I use a couple of word abbreviations to help my students remember which scale to use.

4)  When the base ray of an angle is pointing to the right, I tell the students to remember RB which stands for Right Below.  This means they will use the bottom scale to measure. 

5) When the base ray of an angle is pointing to the left, I tell the students to remember LT which are the beginning and ending letters of LefT. This means they will use the top scale to measure the angle.

6) Of course the protractor has to be on the correct side.  It's amazing how many students try to measure when the protractor is backwards.  All the information is in reverse!

7)  Make sure the students line up the hole with the vertex point of the angle, aligning the line on the protractor that extends from the hole, with the base ray.  Even if they choose the correct scale, if the protractor is misaligned, the answer will be wrong.

8)  Realize that the tools the students use are massed produced, and to expect students to measure to the nearest degree is impossible.  To purchase accurate tools such as engineer uses would cost more than any of us are willing to spend!

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If you would like supplementary materials for angles, check out these two products: Angles: Hands On Activities  or  Geometry Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle.

Using a Math Survey to Determine A Student's Attitude Towards Math

Math is really important in our daily lives and can help us be successful, but many studies show that students aren't doing well in math. That's why we, as teachers, need to pay attention to things that can make us better at teaching it. One big thing that affects students’ ability to learn math is their attitude towards it. This means how they feel about math, whether they like it or not. If students have a positive attitude, they will think math is important and try harder to do well in it. Their attitude towards math also affects their choices for the future. If they don't like math, they might avoid taking math classes in college or picking careers that use math.

So how do math teachers get some insight into a student’s math attitude? Math attitude surveys can be beneficial. Just like we pre-assess our students to determine their understanding of math concepts, such as place value or multiplication, so we know the best entry point for new instruction, it’s equally important that we uncover the attitudes our students have about learning math.

To start, look for a survey that measures what you think is important. You can easily find them by searching "math surveys for students" on Google. I looked at a lot of surveys, but none were right for me, so I made my own. I wanted a math survey that was simple to give, beneficial for students in the upper grades (I teach remedial math at the college level), and would give me a comparison from the beginning to the end of the semester.

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It is important to understand your students' strengths and weaknesses in the subject, and that's where this math survey comes in. It consists of ten statements and four thought-provoking questions, specifically designed to reveal insights into your students' math abilities. The statements are easy to complete - students simply check a box that reflects their beliefs, with options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. But the real gems lie in the four short answer questions, where students can share their thoughts and ideas in their own words. After the survey is complete, the students’ responses are compiled and placed in their personalized profile folder, which they receive at the end of the semester. This allows you to not only gauge their progress but also tailor your teaching to their individual needs. You'll have a better understanding of your students, and they'll have a clearer picture of their own strengths and areas for improvement. It's a win-win situation for everyone.

The Pros and Cons of Testing, Testing, Testing!

Tests are here to stay whether we like it or not. As I read various blogs, I am finding more and more teachers who are frustrated over tests and their implications. I am seeing many of my former student teachers leave the teaching profession after only two or three years because of days structured around testing.

High stakes tests have become the “Big Brother” of education, always there watching, waiting, and demanding our time. As preparing for tests, taking pre-tests, reliably filling in bubbles, and then taking the actual assessments skulk into our classroom, something else of value is replaced since there are only so many hours in a day. In my opinion, tests are replacing high quality teaching and much needed programs such as music and art. I have mulled this over for the last few months, and the result is a list of pros and cons regarding tests.

Testing Pros

1. They help teachers understand what students have learned and what they need to learn.
2. They give teachers information to use in planning instruction. 
3. Tests help schools evaluate the effectiveness of their programs. 
4. They help districts see how their students perform in relation to other students who take the same test. 
5. The results help administrators and teachers make decisions regarding the curriculum. 
6. Tests help parents/guardians monitor and understand their child's progress. 
7. They can help in diagnosing a student's strengths and weaknesses. 
8. They keep the testing companies in business and the test writers extremely busy. 
9. Tests give armchair educators and politicians fodder for making laws on something they know little about.  

                                           **The last two are on the sarcastic side.**

Testing Cons

1. They sort and label very young students, and those labels are nearly impossible to change.
2. Some tests are biased which, of course, skew the data. 
3. They are used to assess teachers in inappropriate ways. (high scores = pay incentives?) 
4. They are used to rank schools and communities. (Those rankings help real estate agents, but it is unclear how they assist teachers or students.) 
5. They may be regarded as high stakes for teachers and schools, but many parents and students are indifferent or apathetic. 
6. They dictate or drive the curriculum without regard to the individual children we teach. 
7. Often, raising the test scores becomes the single most important indicator of overall school improvement. 
8. Due to the changing landscape of the testing environment, money needed for teachers and the classroom often goes to purchasing updated testing materials. 
9. Under Federal direction, national testing standards usurp the authority of the state and local school boards. 
10. Often they are not aligned with the curriculum a district is using; so, curriculum is often changed or narrowed to match the tests. 

Questions That Need to Be Asked

1. What is the purpose of the test?
2. How will the results be communicated and used by the district? 
3. Is the test a reflection of the curriculum that is taught? 
4. Will the results help teachers be better teachers and give students ways to be better learners?
5. Does it measure both a student's understanding of concepts as well as the process of getting the answer? 
6. Is it principally made up of multiple choice questions or does it does it contain any performance based assessment? 
7. What other means of evaluation does the school use to measure a child's progress? 
8. Is it worth the time and money?

How to Overcome Mathphobia (a hatred of Math) and Be a Success in Math

I HATE Math!

I teach Mathphobics on the college level who aren't always thrilled to be in my math class. Last week, as the students were entering and finding seats, I was greeted with, “Math is my worst enemy!” I guess this particular student was waiting for an impending Math Attack. But then I began thinking, “Should this student wait to be attacked or learn how to approach and conquer the enemy?” Since winning any battle requires forethought and planning, here is a three step battle plan for Mathphobics.

1) Determine why math is your enemy. Did you have a bad experience? Were you ever made to feel stupid, foolish, or brainless? Did your parents say they didn’t like math, and it was a family heredity issue? (One of the curious characteristics about our society is that it is now socially acceptable to take pride in hating mathematics. It’s like wearing a badge of honor or is that dishonor? Who would ever admit to not being able to read or write?) Math is an essential subject and without math, not much is possible...not even telling time!

2) Be optimistic. Suffering from pessimism when thinking of or doing math problems makes it impossible to enjoy math. Come to class ready to learn. At the end of class, write down one thing you learned or thought was fun. I realize math teachers are a big part of how a student views math. In fact, one of the most important factors in a student’s attitude toward mathematics is the teacher and the classroom environment. Just using lecture, discussion, and seat work does not create much interest in mathematics. You've been in that class. Go over the homework; do samples of the new homework; start the new homework. Hands-on activities, songs, visuals, graphic organizers, and connecting math to real life engage students, create forums for discussion, and make math meaningful and useful.

3) Prove Yourself. Take baby steps, but be consistent. Faithfully do the homework and have someone check it. Don’t miss one math class! You can’t learn if you aren't there. Join in the discussions. Think about and write down your questions and share them with your teacher or with the class. Study for an upcoming test by reviewing 15 minutes each night a week before the test. Get help through tutoring, asking your instructor, or becoming a part of a study group. Keep in mind, no one is destined for defeat!

So don’t just sit there and wait for the dreaded Math Attack. Meet it head on with a three step battle plan in hand!
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Math courses are not like other courses. To pass most other subjects, a student must read, understand, and recall the subject matter. However, to pass math, an extra step is required: a student must use the information they have learned to solve math problems correctly. Special math study skills are needed to help the student learn more and to get better grades. Toprchase 20 beneficial math study tips, just download this resource.

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